Radiator



UNITED STATES PATENT O EErcE@ JOHN DU BOIS, OF DU BOIS, PENNSYLVANIA.

RADIATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 228,616, dated June 8, 1880.

' I Appncatiqn filed February 9,1880.

To all 'whom t may. concern:

Be it known that I. JOHN DU BOIS, of Du Bois, in the county ot" Oleartield and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Radiators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to radiators for steamheating purposes; and it consists in a radiator' composed ot' two hollow chambers and a series of pipes or tubes having smooth tapered ends, seated in sockets ot' corresponding shape formed in the walls of the chambers, the w hole being bound together by tie-rods.

The invention further consist-s in providing the tubes each with a core extending from end to end and nearly filling its interior, and` in other details hereinafter more fully explained.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a vertical cent-ral section ot' my improved radiator, and Fig. 2 a perspective View ot' one of the cores removed.

The objects of this invention are to cheapen the manufact-ure and increase the efficiency of radiators; and to this end I adopt ajconstruction which permits of the use of much lighter tubing than can be used under the ordinary construction, and by which the steam is caused to pass in a thin film close against the inner walls of the tubes, whereby it is caused to more perfectly give off its heat.

Steam-radiators when constructed ot' tubing or pipes commonly have the ends of the tubes or pipes threaded and screwed into the thimbles, unions, or heads which connect them, and in order to permit a thread to be cnt upon them the tubes or pipes are necessarily quite thick and heavy. Under my construction, however, the threading` ot' the pipes is dispensed with, the joints being made as represented in the drawings, in which the tubes or pipes are indicated by the letter A, while B represents the upper and O the lower chamber, between which two the tubes or pipes A extend, as shown. Each tube or pipe has its ends squared and is cut to a length exactly corresponding with that of the others. Each tube then has its ends slightly tapered, care being taken to produce exactly the same taper on each and that the diameter of each is precisely the same. The pipes or tubes beingthus prepared, I provide two metal heads or chambers, B and O,

and, at'ter dressing 0E the face of each to make it smooth and true, I counterbore the holes or openings a, with which each is provided, with a tapering rose-bit or similar tool provided with a stop or shoulder, orotherwise arranged to counterbore all the holes to the'same depth, taper, and diameter. The heads or chambers B and C are formed with lugs or ears b at suitable points to receive tierods or bolts D, by which the parts are drawn and held together. Before putting together the diii'erent parts, however, each tube or pipe is furnished with a central core, by which the steam, instead of rushing through the tubes at the center, and without giving oft' its heat, except to a limited extent, is caused to pass in a thin sheet or tilm close against the interior walls of the tubes.

The cores E may be made of any suitable material; but in practice wood is preferred, for the reason that it is cheap, and for the further and more important reason that it does not absorb or retain the heat to any considerable extent. Each core is made ot' such diameter as to fill the interior of the tube within which it is placed, with the exception of an annular space of from one sixteenth to one eighth of an inch, the former being considered best. In order that the cores shall remain in the exact position in which they are placed and preserve-a uniform space 011 all sides, each core is furnished, near both its ends, with three or more small studs, c, placed on its several l'aces, as shown more clearly in Fig. 2, and in order to retain them at the proper elevation a stem or pin, d, extends from the ends of each through the chambers B C, and bears or rests against the outer walls ot' the chamber through which it passes, as shown in Fig. l. Small nails may be driven into the wood to form the studs, and larger ones may serve as end pins.

Having prepared all the parts as above described, the pipes or tubes are supplied on their beveled or tapered ends with a small quantity of red or White :lead and inserted into the sockets in the head or chamber O. The cores E are then inserted and the chamberB placedv upon the upper ends of the tubes, and the whole drawn firmly together by tie rods or bolts D. Steam enters the chamber B at the top ofthe tubes and passes down the narrow IOO annular spaces between the cores and the inner walls of the tubes into the bottom chamber, C, from which it escapes through a suitable opening, through which any water pro` duced by condensation may likewise pass off. Provision should be made for discharging any water which may accumulate in 'the supplypipe.

Vith a radiator constructed as above dcscribed a careful regulation of the steam admitted will enable the person in charge to secure the entire heat ofthe steam up to the time that condensation takes place.

it will be observed that the tie-rods are not subjected to the direct action or effect of the steam, and hence will n'ot be lengthened quite so much or so quickly as the pipes, and consequently the tendencyT is to bind the parts rmly together and to keep the joints from opening.

In operating` my radiators I tind that remarkably economical results are secured by permitting a free communication between the interior of the radiators and the open air. By operating in this manner and controlling the flow of steam by reducing the annular steamspaces in the radiators to the proper limit I am enabled to secure better results than by closing the apparatus and maintaining a constant pressure therein.

I am aware that radiators are in use consisting of two hollow heads and vertical connecting-tubes, and that said tubes have been united to the heads in various ways.

I am also aware that joints have been estab lished in various places by forcing a tapered pipe into a conical opening,'that cast-metal tubes or sections have been connected. by conical necks and sockets and intermediate rubber packing, and that steam-pipes have been surrounded by concentrical metal jackets to prevent loss from radiation and condensation7 and I lay no claim thereto.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. The radiator consisting of the hollow base C and top B, each provided with a series of conical openings, a, the series of vertical tubes having tapered ends seated directly in the openings without intermediate packing, the cores seated in each and all of the tubes, and the outside rods connecting the top and base and holding all the parts together.

2. In combination with the base and top and the vertical tubes, the cores provided with the peripheral studs c and the end supports, d, as shown.

3. In combination with a steamradiator tube, a wooden core of such diameter that it nearly fills the tube, as described and shown.

JOHN DU BOI-S.

Vitnesses:

J. I?. TAYLOR, JAs. C. BEARD. 

